Ethical Discovery Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Forensic Science Work Placement Personal Development Essay

Legal Science Work Placement Personal Development Essay The association I was acquainted with for my work position was the branch of measurable science. Scientific science ordinarily goes connected at the hip with Law. It represents considerable authority in the use of a wide range of sciences to respond to inquiries important to lawful frameworks. This might be corresponding to wrongdoing, theft or murder examination. Essentially put it as a rule includes the utilization of logical methods to recover vital bits of proof which might be of most extreme significance to a progressing police examination or legal dispute. The Department of Forensic Science where I worked during my position was arranged in the green region of the Erasmus Darwin Building on the Clifton grounds. In the course of recent years the course itself has gotten calm well known to such an extent that it now not just draws in understudies from over the United Kingdom however from everywhere throughout the world as well. The exercises that are created by the office are a mix of pragmatic models just as hypothesis all together for the understudies to see a portion of the specific ideas that are engaged with this specific field of science. On this the office works intently along with the Nottingham police. This is a colossal favorable position for the understudies as it empowers them to get direct data of how to approach certain strategies with regards to recovering proof. During my time in the measurable division I was working close by senior professional Arthur Richards who was my boss and Paul Mason-Smith who was additionally part of the criminological specialist group. The jobs that we completed extended from setting up lab practicals to setting up various wrongdoing situations for the understudies to handle in the wrongdoing scene house. A portion of the things one required so as to complete the occupations were a decent feeling of correspondence and the capacity to fill in as a major aspect of a bigger gathering. A portion of the undertakings that I completed independently during my work position were things, for example, gathering together the gear that would be utilized in the lab practicals, charging the camera batteries just as gathering new hardware from the first floor store, sorting out them arranged by their value and putting away them away in an appropriate area. Different parts of my errands didn't require setting up practicals or thinking of situations yet rather to go to talks that were concentrating on the wellbeing and security perspectives of the working environment. These discussions put a central piece of the situations as they demonstrated the issues that could emerge in the event that one was not giving specific consideration to the manner in which they were doing their undertakings. The data got from talks, for example, this one end up being exceptionally valuable during the positions. In addition to the fact that they enabled my to mind my environmental factors while executing my work however they likewise showed me how to advance my functioning limit by utilizing a couple of basic models that were given during the discussion. Abilities and information picked up The assignments that I was attempted over the 5 weeks of the work situation not just aided hugely in further building up my down to earth aptitudes, yet they likewise help shape the key qualities that one needs so as to prevail in any work environment. In my specific work environment the aptitudes that were required from me so as to work effectively were a decent feeling of correspondence, collaboration and association abilities. Luckily for me, these were a portion of my better abilities. During my time in the legal sciences division I additionally increased excellent information about a portion of the procedures that were engaged with wrongdoing fathoming. During my position I completed two significant practicals. One of the strategies that I completed was The Footwear and Tool mark Impression pragmatic. This useful involved a succession of 4 exercises which together were proposed to give one the chance to improve their abilities in inspecting device mark proof and gathering footwear proof just as distinguishing the qualities of footwear bottom examples. Apparatus mark impressions are typically the imprints that are abandoned during a robbery. Lets take a house for instance. On the off chance that the purpose of passage is a bolted entryway, the suspect would without a doubt utilize an instrument to drive section to the premises. The engraving that is abandoned in the entryway is the imprint. The job of a measurable researcher is to discover what device is good with the apparatus mark that was left on the entryway. A similar idea applies to the footwear impression which will be deserted in the house. Regardless of whether the footwear that is deserted isn't obvious to the unaided eye there are sure methods and gear that are utilized so as to make these engravings noticeable. These anyway will be clarified at a later stage. Upon effective fulfillment of the viable one could: Show the competency in throwing impression impressions Demonstrate the capacity to utilization of Electro-static lifting mechanical assembly Accurately distinguish sole example attributes Accurately dispense with sole print utilizing inkless cushion Securely get ready silicon cast of hardware mark impression Apply hypothesis of recognizable proof of impressions to useful situation. Before the understudies could handle the activity I needed to go through the functional so as to see in the case of everything the handy was going to work with no issues. Before the experiencing the down to earth anyway we needed to make a reasonable situation that fitted with the useful. The situation my director and I thought of was as per the following: Wrongdoing Number: NTU/221208 Area: 10 College Drive, Clifton Mr. Richard Sole Theft at the above location short-term break section picked up by means of back parlor window. Window constrained utilizing instruments. Move in take PC and cell phone. Exist as section. There is footwear mark in bloom bed beneath window and device marks t scene. 2 suspects have been captured and instruments recouped from them. Their footwear has likewise been recouped for additional assessment. When the situation was set up my chief and I began the reasonable. The primary action was the throwing of a footwear mark in sodden sand. This action was done as a group. It included portraying the imprint which was referenced in the wrongdoing report with fitting marking. After this, the imprint that was noticeable was coded utilizing the letter coding framework. This was vital so as to distinguish the sort of shoe that deserted the engraving. At the point when the consequences of the imprint returned from the letter coding framework we arranged to cast the imprint. For this we set throwing outline around the imprint and implanted it into the sand to forestall drainage of the mortar. This part must be done as a group so as to guarantee that the cast didn't harm the imprint and that the cast was uniformly circulated. To cast the imprint I needed to: Take twofold sacked 2kg crownstone mortar and add 500mls of faucet water to the pack, knead it well guaranteeing that the highest point of the pack stayed shut. Include further water as important remembering that the perfect consistency is runny (like pouring cream) without knots. At the point when the blend is all around blended, clip off the corner at the base of the terrible and utilizing trawler pour mortar blend over the cast. During this progression my manager called attention to that the blend was not to be empty legitimately into the give a role as this would pulverize fine detail. Utilizing the trowler tenderly tap the outside of blend to guarantee mortar sinks into the entirety of the impression and any air pockets are discharged. Following 5 minutes utilizing a specialty blade write reasonable detail into the cast. This was redundant for my situation as I was simply running the reasonable so as to see in the case of everything was going as planned anyway once the understudies began to do this movement they would need to record their initials into the cast so they could recognize their throws. After the engravings the cast was left to take structure for 45 minutes. When the cast was dry I deliberately tapped the edges of the throwing casing to release and expel it. At that point tenderly lifting the cast and keeping it over the plate dismiss overabundance garbage with brush so the subtleties of the track can be seen. Now the cast was done. I was told by a cop how functioned with us during the reasonable that in a genuine wrongdoing scene the cast would not be cleaned. The cast in addition to soil would have been permitted to dry for in any event 48 hours before they would be bundled and send flawless to measurable researcher lab to be analyzed. The dirt or trash joined to the cast may hold a little bit of proof which could be critical in unraveling a case or on account of the above action recognizing the right speculate which abandoned the engraving during the thievery episode. The aptitudes and information that I detracted from this movement was to focus on little subtleties, for example, these which could truly have any kind of effect with regards to comprehending a wrongdoing. The subsequent movement was the Electro-Static Lifting Apparatus. This gadget is all the more ordinarily alluded to as ESLA. ESLA comprises of a high voltage power gracefully/control unit, a nickel-plated steel ground plane and a metalised lifting medium. It is utilized to lift impressions in dust from about any surface. It utilizes electricity produced via friction to draw in the residue particles from the surface to a dull shaded lifting film, taking into consideration a reasonable and exact photo of the print. An establishing wire joins to a grounded metal surface and a live wire connects to a unique metallic film. The unit is then initiated. The film is statically pulled in to the surface and residue particles are pulled in to the dark side of the film. A roller is given to streamline the film the surface. An electric lamp is given as an angled light source to recognize and photo dust marks. This method at last creates the ideal picture which for my situation was the footwear eng rave. The movement was again completed as a group anyway since this action incorporated the utilization of high voltage was done as a gathering of three to guarantee that everything was ca

The Grass Cutting Days

The Grass Cutting Days The pastor called me to come forward. I walked to the pulpit confident and proud. I looked out at my family. Some wore somber expressions. Others had faces still damp with tears. Then I gazed down at the shiny black coffin crowned with yellow flowers.My father, Charlie Lyons, was gone. It was my turn at his funeral earlier this year to pay tribute to the man who taught me so much growing up on the Northside. How do you sum up a lifetime in 10 minutes?I flashed to Dad holding the handlebar and jogging alongside my bike until I felt ready to ride on my own. I saw him pulling up to my broken-down car at night, doing a quick fix and trailing me home. I thought of the hug we shared at my wedding. Then, I started talking about a special moment I draw from now. Dad was always full of advice, but one of the biggest lessons he taught me one summer was about having a strong work ethic. When my brother and I were growing up, we mowed yards during the summer to earn pocket change. Dad was our s alesman. He pitched our service to neighbors and offered a price they could not refuse. My brother and I got $10 per yard. Some yards were a half-acre. I later found out our friends were charging $20 or more for the same amount of work.Every time we headed out to mow lawns, Dad was there to watch. I used to wonder why he came with us. He stood supervising our work in the sticky Florida heat when he could have been inside relaxing with air conditioning and an icy drink.One day we were cutting our next-door neighbors yard. She always waited until the grass was knee-high to call us over. To make matters worse, we had an old lawn mower that kept cutting off as we plowed through her backyard jungle. This particular afternoon, I was finishing up and was tired and sweaty. I pictured the tall glass of Kool-Aid I would gulp in a minute to cool down.I was just about to cut off the lawn mower when I saw Dad pointing to one lone blade. I thought about the chump change I was getting paid for cut ting grass so high it almost broke the mower. I ignored him and kept walking. Dad called me out and yelled, You missed a piece.I frowned, hoping he would let me slide and go home. He kept pointing. So beat and deflated, I went back to cut that piece of grass. I mumbled to myself: That one piece isnt hurting anyone. Why wont he just let it go?But when I reached adulthood, I understood his message: When youre running a business, the work you do says a great deal about you. If you want to be seen as an entrepreneur with integrity, you must deliver a quality product. That single blade of grass meant the job was not done.Other neighbors took notice of the good work we did and we soon garnered more business. We started out with one client, but by the end of the summer we had five, which was all we cared to handle because we wanted time to enjoy our summer break from school.The lesson my dad taught me stayed with me: Be professional. If you say you are going to perform a job at a certain t ime, keep your word. Give your customers the kind of service you would like to receive. It shows how sincere you are and how much pride you take in your work.Before I knew it, my tribute was over. I saw my wife jump to her feet in an ovation. The pastor embraced me. People rushed to shake my hand. Though Dads body lay inside the coffin, I felt his spirit there. I pictured him standing in the sanctuary, wearing the white T-shirt and blue shorts he did on grass-cutting days. Always there for me and always proud.By Patrick A. Lyons

Chapter 10 The Massachusetts Experience - 873 Words

Chapter 10: The Massachusetts Experience The scenario of Massachusetts was one of my favorite readings this week. The main reason is that people from the business, education, politics, parents, teachers and members of the community were involved in the creation of an educational reform in the state of Massachusetts. The system’s lack of clear goals, lack of accountability, uneven performance of school, failures rates in some areas and for some children, are some of the most salient features that impress the business leaders in the late 1980s (Blankstein Noguera, 2015). The program of these business leaders, called â€Å"Every Child a Winner!† â€Å"reshaped the Commonwealth’s public education system with a combination of standards and accountability measures, systems improvements ranging from new executive authority for superintendents to the establishment of charter schools, and a finance system overhaul resulting in a more progressive distribution of school finance.† (Blankstein Nogue ra, 2015, p. 188). Through this program, the educational system of Massachusetts were transformed to be the first in the whole nation by having a diverse, nonpartisan leadership, explicit equity arguments, high expectation, investment in infrastructure, inclusive approach to policy and implementation, and long-term commitment by various partners. (Blankstein Noguera, 2015). However, this system has some errors, like having the emphasis on testing then good classroom teaching, and some ofShow MoreRelatedSettling The Northern Colonies : Big Picture Themes1676 Words   |  7 PagesChapter #3: Settling the Northern Colonies - Big Picture Themes 1. Plymouth, MA was founded with the initial goal of allowing Pilgrims, and later Puritans, to worship independent of the Church of England. Their society, ironically, was very intolerant itself and any dissenters were pushed out of the colony. 2. Other New England colonies sprouted up, due to (a) religious dissent from Plymouth and Massachusetts as with Rhode Island, (b) the constant search for more farmland as in Connecticut, andRead MoreJames Oliver Horton And Lois E. Horton Essay1493 Words   |  6 PagesWar era. The Hortons not only demonstrate the importance of black’s presence throughout the text but some of the contribution and the roles that led to such a vibrant culture in America. It s through the analysis of these wonderful sources and experience of free black Northerners, that reader and historians can have a better interpretation and revision of the building of this early nation. The Hortons utilizes several pieces of work from African Americans history throughout the text. Not only doesRead MoreSummary Of The Scarlet Letter- 1641 Words   |  7 PagesStephanie Nicolino Mrs. Sarich English 11H 10 October 2014 The Scarlet Letter- Chapters 9-12 (Passage Analyzer) Chapters 9 and 10 investigate the relationship in the middle of Chillingworth and Dimmesdale. On one level, Chillingworth speaks to science and Dimmesdale speaks to deep sense of being. Like Chillingworth s disfigured shoulders, Dimmesdale s disease is an outward sign of an internal condition, and not medication or religion suffices to cure it. 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Some researchers discern four revolutions in the continuing development of Psychiatry, the third of which is explained in the 2nd Chapter of Kristi Kanals A guide to crisis intervention (Kanel, 2012). Erich Lindermann and Gerald Caplan certainly deserve a prominent place, not only in the context of those four revolutions but also in spearheading the formal crisis intervention that is an integralRead MoreSpanish And The Spanish Language Essay1145 Words   |  5 PagesSpanish is one of the most popular spoken languages around the world. In the U.S Spanish is the second most spoken language other than English and it’s the most popular foreign language learned in US secondary schools (Zentella, 182). From past experience a lot of jobs require knowing a second language and most often the two languages preferred are Spanish and English. One of the reasons this may be is because of the abundant S panish speakers in the U.S and it’s most likely why Spanish is most commonlyRead MoreThe Whites Of Their Eyes By Jill Lepore Essay1068 Words   |  5 PagesThe Whites of Their Eyes by Jill Lepore is account of the American Revolution and the ways that the revolution has resurfaced throughout the years. Within each of the book’s five chapters, Lepore focuses on Boston but in different time periods. Specifically moving from 2009 and 2010 where she focuses on the New Tea Party during the election of Barack Obama and the controversy regarding the Universal Healthcare Act, back to the 1760’s and 1770’s during the American Revolution, and finally jumpingRead MoreThe Things They Carried1417 Words   |  6 Pagesqualities that paradoxically motivate him. Throughout the entire book, there are several instances on how normal men completely change their persona if placed in an environment, such as war. Mary Anne, the sweetheart of the Song Tra Bong, experiences perhaps the most radical form of change in the novel. Marry Anne, the innocent, curious, typical-American girl notorious for her pink sweater, comes over to Vietnam to visit her boyfriend Mark Fossie and is delivered to the medical outpost by way

Comparing Two Articles on Sleep Deprivation Essay - 999 Words

Compare/Contrast Two Articles on Sleep Deprivation Many times people think they can accomplish more if they could eliminate so much sleeping time. However, they are only hurting their productivity if they lose sleep. Two articles deal with the issue of sleep deprivation. The College Student Journal published an article about the grade-point average of college students and sleep length, while U.S. News World Report produced an article dealing with the lack of sleep in America and its effects on performance. The articles gave different types of results from different kinds of data with different degrees of definiteness. In spite of their differences, both articles showed that lack of sleep is a cause for decreased†¦show more content†¦At first the volunteers spent nearly eleven hours sleeping to catch up on their accumulated sleep debt, an average of seventeen hours per person. By the end the volunteers were averaging what appeared to be an ideal level of eight hours and fifteen minutes of sleep. Another stud y, conducted by Eve Van Cauter, a sleep researcher at the University of Chicago, published a report in which healthy young people spent three weeks in a sleep lab. The first week they were in bed eight hours, the second week four hours, and the third week twelve hours. During the sleep-deprived second week the patients showed signs of a pre-diabetic state caused by the impaired tolerance of glucose. In addition, the pancreas was less able to produce enough insulin because the central nervous system became more active. Also, sleep-deprived young people can develop hormonal changes that make them look much older than they actually are. Older people have lower levels of cortisol as do sleep-deprived young people. Cortisol normally drops to a low level in the evening to help the body prepare for sleeping. The levels gradually rise overnight while peaking just before morning. The rise in the hormone energizes the body for the following day. However, low levels of cortisol may be due to a lack of sleep time (Brink 62-72). Another areaShow MoreRelatedPsychology947 Words   |  4 PagesPsychology Department My paper is based on an article from the text s web site (chapter 9) entitled Lack of sleep ages body s systems. The basic claim of the article is that sleep deprivation has various harmful effects on the body. The reported effects include decreased ability to metabolize glucose (similar to what occurs in diabetes) and increased levels of cortisol (a stress hormone involved in memory and regulation of blood sugar levels). 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Loss of the Creature Outside Analysis Free Essays

People in society today have influences throughout their life that help structure and dictate their thoughts. Choices are made based on these influences, and when these influences begin to take shape as different labels, no real choices are made. People begin to compromise their right to think on their own and instead turn to the most convenient choice. We will write a custom essay sample on Loss of the Creature Outside Analysis or any similar topic only for you Order Now This is how a great deal of society has acts today, choosing the easiest path just so that person can get a given task out of the way and continue on with their life. These influences are frequently seen in politics today. People become so wrapped up in political parties that they become more interested in who is running in which party, instead of which candidate, at any level of government, has the stances that the voter agrees with the most. According to â€Å"The Loss of the Creature† and â€Å"Ways of Seeing†, multiple aspects of having the labels the political parties have inhibit voters from making sovereign decisions. When a candidate is running for an office, they should not have a political party label attached to them because that label can inhibit voters from choosing a candidate who they think will best serve the position to better the region they are running for. Walker Percy constantly reiterates the importance to avoid the beaten track and to not allow experts to control the experiences and dictate the ideas someone may have. Having the labels that political parties have allow different political experts to dictate the way people vote and because of the labels people are losing their ability to make sovereign decisions. These labels are symbolic complexes because they act as pre-made assumptions that get in the way of the voters ability to make a vote based on personal standards alone. â€Å"The highest satisfaction of the sightseer (not merely the tourist but any layman seer of sights) is that his sight should be certified as genuine† (Percy 487). The American voter takes the position of the sightseer, and the voter is losing the ability to have that high satisfaction because the vote is not a genuine vote. This is what Percy refers to as a loss of sovereignty, and the sovereignty is frequently lost due to the impact of the experts. â€Å"He too could use an instructor and a book and a technique, but he would use them as subordinates, just as he would the jackknife† (Percy 489). Percy conveys to the reader that the experts must not be used to form and manipulate any experiences or ideas, but instead used as tools to help guide a person as that person has a genuine experience or forms an idea of their own. Voters who do not take the time to research candidate’s specific views tend to assume that because they belong to a particular party the candidate’s views will align with the voter’s view. If voters aren’t paying attention to specifically who they are voting for and instead voting out of convenience, they aren’t making their vote count and the candidate that the majority of the people share the most views with might not be elected. Similarly to Walker Percy, John Berger stresses the importance of making your own decisions not based on what others endorse; to do so will bring the power back to the people. This comes with the implications that the people are not in complete control, and John Berger uses mystification to show that the art critics are in control of the art world because they are making art less accessible (Berger 103). According to the Campaign Finance Institute, out of a random sample of 100 candidates that were elected to the House of Representatives, 20% of their total campaign finances came from the states party funding. That shows a great representation of how much influence the party label has on politics today. In general, the more funding a campaign had, the more likely that candidate was to win the election (Malbin). The funding of political parties takes away the power from the people because the more a voter who does not research the stances hears about a candidate from different campaign strategies, the more likely the voter will like what he/she hears, base their opinions off of those endorsements, and in turn vote for the candidate. â€Å"A people or a class which is cut off from its own past is far less free to choose and to act as a people or a class than one that been able to situate itself in history† (Berger 118). The voters who do not take the time to research the stances of the candidates are the type of people the Berger is referring to. When the people listen to the critics and choose to not place themselves in the history of politics where they can institute their own decisions of who to vote for, they are not â€Å"acting as a people† as Berger refers to. This is because they are not always basing the decision off of which candidate would represent the individual best, who would in turn represent the people the best. People are being cut off from acting as a people, and this is in part because of the negative influence political party labels have on the overall scheme of politics. As I finish up high school and close into the age to vote, I have become increasingly interested in politics because soon it will be my civil duty to vote. Growing up a fairly independent student, I grew up assessing situations and creating my own opinions like Percy advises people of all ages should do. My parents never forced their political views on me, and because of that I am able to side with candidates based on my own stances. The more I became interested in politics, the more I began to realize that not all candidates at any level shared the same stances as other members of their equivalent political parties. This is where the idea of calling myself Republican of Democratic became incredibly distasteful and unappealing because every year when elections come, stances of certain representatives change and I have found myself siding with both sides of the party. Berger would find these labels unappealing as well because labels can be reproduced through media and what the candidate stands for can be altered because of the party they represent. These political party labels are similar to the camera because they are destroying the uniqueness of the candidates like the camera does to paintings (Berger 106). Only so much personal research could be done, so I decided to turn to others to learn more about politics and about their views and stances and different issues. The more I spoke with adults, the more I began to realize how prominent the influence political parties have in our society. Three different parents of close friends told me they voted either completely democratic or completely republican for the election in 2009 because they were working too often to take the time to research the stances of every single candidate. This is exactly what Percy would not want in this day and age. People are losing their sovereignty as voters because they are following the beaten tracks and following the tour guides without having unique experiences or opinions in this situation. The American voters have the right to have a title that describes the general trend of their political stances. However, those titles should explain how they morally stand in most circumstances, in most cases conservative or liberal, instead of automatically identifying themselves with a particular party. The importance of eliminating the labels that political parties possess will substantially improve the political system in America because it will cause voters to take the time to truly know who they are voting for, and not base their decision off of a mere title. Walker Percy explains that we as a society can not allow symbolic complexes such as these titles stand in the way of having a sovereign experience. In this situation, the sovereign experience would be for a citizen to cast a unique vote based solely on personal stances and how much that person agrees with the candidate in question. John Berger would wish to eliminate the labels as well because eliminating the labels would be one step closer to the people truly being in power. Political party labels need to be removed from the political system in America so that the citizens can truly make what they believe to be the correct choice when voting. How to cite Loss of the Creature Outside Analysis, Essay examples

Loss of the Creature Outside Analysis Free Essays

People in society today have influences throughout their life that help structure and dictate their thoughts. Choices are made based on these influences, and when these influences begin to take shape as different labels, no real choices are made. People begin to compromise their right to think on their own and instead turn to the most convenient choice. We will write a custom essay sample on Loss of the Creature Outside Analysis or any similar topic only for you Order Now This is how a great deal of society has acts today, choosing the easiest path just so that person can get a given task out of the way and continue on with their life. These influences are frequently seen in politics today. People become so wrapped up in political parties that they become more interested in who is running in which party, instead of which candidate, at any level of government, has the stances that the voter agrees with the most. According to â€Å"The Loss of the Creature† and â€Å"Ways of Seeing†, multiple aspects of having the labels the political parties have inhibit voters from making sovereign decisions. When a candidate is running for an office, they should not have a political party label attached to them because that label can inhibit voters from choosing a candidate who they think will best serve the position to better the region they are running for. Walker Percy constantly reiterates the importance to avoid the beaten track and to not allow experts to control the experiences and dictate the ideas someone may have. Having the labels that political parties have allow different political experts to dictate the way people vote and because of the labels people are losing their ability to make sovereign decisions. These labels are symbolic complexes because they act as pre-made assumptions that get in the way of the voters ability to make a vote based on personal standards alone. â€Å"The highest satisfaction of the sightseer (not merely the tourist but any layman seer of sights) is that his sight should be certified as genuine† (Percy 487). The American voter takes the position of the sightseer, and the voter is losing the ability to have that high satisfaction because the vote is not a genuine vote. This is what Percy refers to as a loss of sovereignty, and the sovereignty is frequently lost due to the impact of the experts. â€Å"He too could use an instructor and a book and a technique, but he would use them as subordinates, just as he would the jackknife† (Percy 489). Percy conveys to the reader that the experts must not be used to form and manipulate any experiences or ideas, but instead used as tools to help guide a person as that person has a genuine experience or forms an idea of their own. Voters who do not take the time to research candidate’s specific views tend to assume that because they belong to a particular party the candidate’s views will align with the voter’s view. If voters aren’t paying attention to specifically who they are voting for and instead voting out of convenience, they aren’t making their vote count and the candidate that the majority of the people share the most views with might not be elected. Similarly to Walker Percy, John Berger stresses the importance of making your own decisions not based on what others endorse; to do so will bring the power back to the people. This comes with the implications that the people are not in complete control, and John Berger uses mystification to show that the art critics are in control of the art world because they are making art less accessible (Berger 103). According to the Campaign Finance Institute, out of a random sample of 100 candidates that were elected to the House of Representatives, 20% of their total campaign finances came from the states party funding. That shows a great representation of how much influence the party label has on politics today. In general, the more funding a campaign had, the more likely that candidate was to win the election (Malbin). The funding of political parties takes away the power from the people because the more a voter who does not research the stances hears about a candidate from different campaign strategies, the more likely the voter will like what he/she hears, base their opinions off of those endorsements, and in turn vote for the candidate. â€Å"A people or a class which is cut off from its own past is far less free to choose and to act as a people or a class than one that been able to situate itself in history† (Berger 118). The voters who do not take the time to research the stances of the candidates are the type of people the Berger is referring to. When the people listen to the critics and choose to not place themselves in the history of politics where they can institute their own decisions of who to vote for, they are not â€Å"acting as a people† as Berger refers to. This is because they are not always basing the decision off of which candidate would represent the individual best, who would in turn represent the people the best. People are being cut off from acting as a people, and this is in part because of the negative influence political party labels have on the overall scheme of politics. As I finish up high school and close into the age to vote, I have become increasingly interested in politics because soon it will be my civil duty to vote. Growing up a fairly independent student, I grew up assessing situations and creating my own opinions like Percy advises people of all ages should do. My parents never forced their political views on me, and because of that I am able to side with candidates based on my own stances. The more I became interested in politics, the more I began to realize that not all candidates at any level shared the same stances as other members of their equivalent political parties. This is where the idea of calling myself Republican of Democratic became incredibly distasteful and unappealing because every year when elections come, stances of certain representatives change and I have found myself siding with both sides of the party. Berger would find these labels unappealing as well because labels can be reproduced through media and what the candidate stands for can be altered because of the party they represent. These political party labels are similar to the camera because they are destroying the uniqueness of the candidates like the camera does to paintings (Berger 106). Only so much personal research could be done, so I decided to turn to others to learn more about politics and about their views and stances and different issues. The more I spoke with adults, the more I began to realize how prominent the influence political parties have in our society. Three different parents of close friends told me they voted either completely democratic or completely republican for the election in 2009 because they were working too often to take the time to research the stances of every single candidate. This is exactly what Percy would not want in this day and age. People are losing their sovereignty as voters because they are following the beaten tracks and following the tour guides without having unique experiences or opinions in this situation. The American voters have the right to have a title that describes the general trend of their political stances. However, those titles should explain how they morally stand in most circumstances, in most cases conservative or liberal, instead of automatically identifying themselves with a particular party. The importance of eliminating the labels that political parties possess will substantially improve the political system in America because it will cause voters to take the time to truly know who they are voting for, and not base their decision off of a mere title. Walker Percy explains that we as a society can not allow symbolic complexes such as these titles stand in the way of having a sovereign experience. In this situation, the sovereign experience would be for a citizen to cast a unique vote based solely on personal stances and how much that person agrees with the candidate in question. John Berger would wish to eliminate the labels as well because eliminating the labels would be one step closer to the people truly being in power. Political party labels need to be removed from the political system in America so that the citizens can truly make what they believe to be the correct choice when voting. How to cite Loss of the Creature Outside Analysis, Essay examples

What do you think is the best strategy for existing businesses to adopt in response to the entry of a new large competitor free essay sample

What do you think is the best strategy for existing businesses to adopt in response to the entry of a new large competitor? Justify your answer with reference to the UK bottled water market and/or other markets that you know. Almost all business operates in competition with other businesses, whether this is Sainsburys competing with Asda for customers at a local, national and international level or two local hairdressers competing for clients in a single town. Competition is usually between firms supplying the same product. For example, British Gas compete not just with other suppliers in the gas provision market but also with the suppliers of other types of fuel, including coal, electricity and oil. The managing director of Waterman Pens is famously quoted as saying: We are not in the market for pens, but executive gifts. Therefore he redefined the companys competitors as Dunhill and Rolex, rather than Parker and Bic. We will write a custom essay sample on What do you think is the best strategy for existing businesses to adopt in response to the entry of a new large competitor? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Competition is generally regarded as being positive, bringing benefits in particular to customers. The advantages of competition are based on the fact that, in order to gain market share, firms need to offer the cheapest or the best quality products to customers. This requires them to operate as efficiently as possible, in a cost effective way while at the same time improving the quality of products and services as much as possible. However, competition also has some negative. Where competition is based solely on price, product quality might be sacrificed because resources that are devoted to competing with other firms, such as the huge amounts spent on advertising and packaging, could be directed to producing cheaper or better products. Also, competition between firms means that, inevitably, some businesses will be forced out of the market, with the economic and human consequences of redundancy and unemployment. Finally, the competitive process tends to mean that successful established businesses gradually take over, for example Nestle and Danone – or merge with unsuccessful ones. This in turn leads to the existence of a smaller number of larger and larger businesses. This has happened, for example, in the supermarket sector. In very competitive markets, such as those that can be described as monopolistic competition, new competitors enter all the time. For example, a new hairdresser or a new cafe might set up on the high street. In order to compete, existing businesses will need to ensure that their product or service is of an appropriate quality, is priced and promoted appropriately and has its own USP. For example, in order for Nestle and Danone to give their bottled water a USP they could introduce different size bottles, and different flavours. In some industries, barriers to entry prevent or deter new firms from entering. They thus enable existing firms to continue relatively unchallenged and, in effect, protect them from new entrants and allow them to earn higher profits than they might in a more competitive environment. This is the case in monopoly or oligopoly markets such as car manufacturers, supermarkets and banks. However, from being a relatively small player in a market, a business can develop into a dominant business as a result of a takeover or a merger. This can have a significant impact on the competitive forces for existing firms that are now faced with a more powerful competitor. For example, in 2003, Morrisons, a medium sized bust fast growing supermarket chain, took over Safeway and became a much more significant competitor for Asda, Tesco and Sainsburys. The more competitive the market, the less opportunity there is for profit as firms try to cut costs and prices in order to attract customers. Where there is little competition but a strong demand, supernormal profits may be made. Such profits are often a sign of unfair competition. To retain a good reputation, Nestle and Danone must make sure their actions are fair competition. Fair competition is where firms compete on equal terms in a way that offers consumers the best choice of products and prices. An example of unfair competition would be Danone only supplying retailers that promise not to stock Nestle or Coca Cola or that agree to stock the whole range of Danones products.

Fall Back On Fitness Essays - Physical Exercise, Self Care, Holiday

Fall Back On Fitness Essays - Physical Exercise, Self Care, Holiday Fall Back On Fitness Fall Back On Fitness As we head into the cooler autumn months, we undoubtedly expect that the upcoming holiday seasons surrounding Thanksgiving, Halloween, and (yes, already) Christmas will lead to our spending more and more time indulging and less and less time keeping ourselves healthy and fit. This doesnt have to be the case. We are not bears, and regardless of what one may think, we do not need to store up extra fat so that we may hibernate for the winter! Awareness of the potential pitfalls of the holiday season can prevent the pounds from sneaking up on you. Treat yourself to an early gift by purchasing a journal in which you can keep a daily record of your eating, exercise and stress behaviours. Keep an eye on your journal entries so that youll notice your less than healthy behaviours and make changes before you get overwhelmed. One suggestion is to weigh yourself once a week during the holiday season. One study of weight loss over a 50-week period found that some study participants gained 500 percent more weight per week during holiday weeks as compared to non-holiday weeks. But the good news: Participants who consistently monitored and recorded their own behaviours were able to lose weight during the holidays. (Published in Health Psychology, July 1998.) The next suggestion is to remember that your body needs movement more than ever during the holiday season. Exercise releases tension, expends the calories of those holiday goodies, increases your energy levels so you can shop til you drop, elevates your mood so you can combat holiday-related depression and be the life of the party, and gives you the gift of time for yourself. Here are some great ways to fit exercise into the busy fall season: Exercise first thing in the morning before you begin your busy day. Try to plan holiday activities around family and friends, instead of around food. Tell family and friends to bring walking shoes and comfortable clothes to your celebration. Then take a 30-minute walk together. You can do it in shifts so someone's always basting the turkey! Get into a routine now, before the holidays strike! Those who have previously developed a solid exercise habit will make the time to exercise even when they feel like they are too busy to find the time.

History of the Black Box aka Flight Data Recorder

History of the Black Box aka Flight Data Recorder David Warren had a deeply personal reason to invent the  flight-data recorder (commonly referred to as the â€Å"black box†). In 1934, his father died in one of Australia’s earliest air crashes.   Early Life and Career David Warren was born in 1925 on Groote Eylandt, and island off the Northern coast of Australia. Gadgets and devices, like the ham radio left to him by his father, helped Warren through his childhood and adolescence. His educational record speaks for itself: he graduated with honors from the University of Sydney before earning a diploma in education from the University of Melbourne and a Ph.D. in chemistry from Imperial College London. In the 1950s, as Warren was working for the Aeronautical Research Laboratories in Melbourne, a few developments occurred to reignite his instincts regarding in-flight recordings. In Britain in 1949, the de Havilland Comet was introduced- only to experience a disaster in 1954 with a series of high-profile crashes. Without any kind of recording device from inside the aircraft, determining the causes and investigating the intricacies of these disasters was a famously difficult task for the British authorities. Prime Minister Winston Churchill himself was quoted as saying, â€Å"The cost of solving the Comet mystery must be reckoned neither in money nor in manpower.† Around the same time, the earliest tape recorders were being introduced in trade shows and storefront windows. It was a German-made one that first caught Warren’s eye, leading him to wonder how much more information the authorities would have during its investigations if a device like this had been in the Comet . Inventing the "Memory Unit" In 1957, Warren completed a prototype- which he termed the â€Å"Memory Unit†- for his device. His idea, however, was greeted with no shortage of criticism from the Australian authorities. The Royal Australian Air Force haughtily suggested that the device would capture â€Å"more expletives than explanations,† while the Australian pilots themselves worried about the potential for spying and surveillance. It took the British- the maker of the tarnished Comet- to appreciate the necessity of Warren’s device. From there, flight-data recorders proceeded to become standard procedure not only in Britain and Australia but also in America and in the commercial flying industry all across the world. There seems to be some dispute as to how Warren’s device came to be known as the black box, considering that the color of Warren’s prototype was closer to red or orange, in order to make the device stand out amidst the wreckage of a crash. However, the black-box moniker has stuck, perhaps owing to the intense steel casing required to protect the box. Warren has never received financial reward for his invention, although he has- after what was initially quite a battle- been officially recognized by his own country: in 2002, he was awarded the Order of Australia for his contributions. Warren died in 2010, at the age of 85, but his invention continues to be a mainstay on aircraft worldwide, recording both cockpit chatter and instrument readings of altitude, speed, direction, and other statistics. Additionally, car manufacturers have recently started installing black boxes in their vehicles, adding another chapter in the evolution of Warren’s originally maligned idea.

Turkish Maritime Cabotage Rights Research Proposal

Turkish Maritime Cabotage Rights - Research Proposal Example The Republic of Turkey is strategically placed in an area between the Asian, African and European continents and the three sides of the country are encompassed by the Mediterranean Sea to the south, the Black Sea to the north and the Aegean Sea to the west. The Turkish Straits is the only water route between Black Sea and Mediterranean and have unique physical, hydrological and navigational conditions (Unescap, Turkey Report 2000/2009). It has been recently contended that the volume of traffic flow in the Straits have exceeded limits of safe navigation as there has been an increase in the number of vessels and quantities of dangerous cargo. Any accident could cause irreversible damage to the environment. In order to maintain safety of navigation, life and property in the region, the Turkish Government has adopted a set of regulations for maritime traffic in 1994. Turkey's approach to maritime transport is consistent with international regulations and principles of fostering free mari time competition, safety and environmental concerns. Turkey's maritime transport facilities are rather extensive. ... Turkey has merchant fleet with capacity more than 9.5 million DWT and about 899 ships and is in the 20th rank in the world fleet. Total capacity consists of 5 per cent public and 95 per cent private sectors. The majority of ships comprising total merchant shipping fleet are bulk carries (48 per cent), dry cargo ships (19 per cent), oil tankers (10 per cent). The other types of ships constitute 23 per cent of the fleet. (Information available from Unescap Report on Turkey, 2000/2009) Cabotage Laws and Rights: The maritime sector in Turkey is also subject to certain legal arrangements and Law 815 on Cabotage Auxiliary services rendered in Turkish ports and waters are subject to the Law on Cabotage. In accordance with the Cabotage Act, all commercial shipping and related activities between the ports and all trading in the coastal lines is reserved for Turkish-flag vessels and supply of services are given to Turkish companies only although all auxiliary services at the ports are available to all nationalities. Transportation that violates Cabotage rights is not accepted and negotiations on Cabotage transportation services in turkey have been very rigid. Turkish Code of Commerce is related to maritime transport and is harmonized in accordance with the arrangements of EU. The application and implementation of Cabotage rights is a very important milestone in Turkish Maritime Industry and this thesis will delve deeper into the maritime industry, the regulations in Turkish shipping industry and the role of Cabotage rights in helping Turkey to integrate its shipping industry with EU and international shipping standards. Turkish fleet

Discrimination in the Legal Profession Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Discrimination in the Legal Profession - Essay Example Legal profession requires autonomy and independent functioning because legal system is a free activity. A legal professional has to execute his day-to-day activities continuously and effectively to the best of his ability. Usually only qualified lawyers render legal assistance. Now paralegal service is becoming popular; but there too, person needs qualifications and has to clear prescribed examinations.Lawyers have to offer legal advice, draft documents like wills, statements, contracts and represent their clients. They are also responsible for drawing up requests, pleadings, complaints, and motions. Definitely they are not allowed to carry out any activities that are detrimental to their profession. Unless otherwise determined by law, organisation would take up action against professionals who are not fully qualified to render legal assistance. Lawyers also have the right and duty to undertake any action, law permitting, for the benefit of their client. Lawyers can substitute for on e another at times of emergency or difficulty. Lawyers can deny legal assistance if clients are defying code of conduct or organisational code of ethics, or blatantly ignoring legal advice. If organisation gives a special duty to a solicitor, he can refuse it if it does not fall under the purview of his specialisation and can cancel a Power of Attorney and hence, legal professionals enjoy freedom and individuality.Safekeeping and returning of documents, signing documents with the seal of law office, protection of confidences.... If organisation gives a special duty to a solicitor, he can refuse it if it does not fall under the purview of his specialisation and can cancel a Power of Attorney and hence, legal professionals enjoy freedom and individuality. Safekeeping and returning of documents, signing documents with the seal of law office, protection of confidences and secrets, providing data available are part of duties imposed on lawyers by professional organisation. They are protected from arrests (unless they commit criminal activities), their offices cannot be easily searched without prior consent of a competent court, which will keep organisation informed of the search and Organisation's representatives should be present during the search. And during such a search, secret documents could not be violated as it might be injurious to the clients' cause and evidence obtained through such search cannot be used in the court against the client. Organisation allows the attorneys to charge according to the gravity of the case and even though there are definite rules governing the remuneration, mostly lawyers charge according to importance of case and client. Also lawyers are allowed to reimburse themselves from the deposited cash; but the immediate settlement of remaining cash is their responsibility. Organisation keeps data of their offices, change of addresses and situations, joint offices, affiliations of legal professions. Legal organisational membership is mandatory and organisations are the face of legal profession of that country. Usually organisations advice liability insurance contracts to its members. Solicitors who mainly work in magistrate and county courts, barristers who usually work in Crown Courts, legal executives and judges

Maddox :: essays research papers

I didn't think it was possible to be more unimpressed with Star Wars. Today, I stand corrected. If you were unfortunate enough to hear your stupid co-workers yammering on about Lucas' latest shit burger, you might have heard them saying something like "I didn't like the first two, but this one was good!" When I ask why, these people have trouble responding because it's hard to talk with George Lucas' flaccid penis in their collective mouths. Perhaps the question I should be asking is "why didn't you like the other two movies if you liked this one?" Nothing has changed. You have the same vacant-looking actors running around, aimlessly bumping into things, an army of stupid, sensitive robots, and dialogue clumsy enough to warrant putting a handicap sticker on George Lucas' car. To Lucas' credit, he was tacitly shamed into not giving Jar Jar any talking lines in this movie. With Jar Jar's character no longer speaking to annoy you, Lucas filled the void by giving every robot in the movie stupid toy noises. So instead of doing something cool like having the robots chase after screaming children, they bitch and moan and say things like "ow" when they get their prosthetic limbs chopped off. Even worse are the idiots who scarf down these sub-childish morsels of comedic relief, playing into Lucas' shallow theatrics so easily that you could sell these people hookers in a vagina storm. Before I go on, I have to address something that all you stupid Star Wars nerds are probably thinking right about now: "But Maddox, it's a movie made for kids, what do you expect?!" Even Lucas stated in an interview with the BBC that: "The movies are for children but [the fans] don't want to admit that." Oh really? It just so happens that this "children's movie" has a scene where a guy gets his hands chopped off, a graphic decapitation, the wanton slaughter of children (the highlight of any movie), and the coolest scene in any space action movie starring Ewan McGregor: Anakin getting his legs chopped off as his stumps catch fire while his face melts. Maddox :: essays research papers I didn't think it was possible to be more unimpressed with Star Wars. Today, I stand corrected. If you were unfortunate enough to hear your stupid co-workers yammering on about Lucas' latest shit burger, you might have heard them saying something like "I didn't like the first two, but this one was good!" When I ask why, these people have trouble responding because it's hard to talk with George Lucas' flaccid penis in their collective mouths. Perhaps the question I should be asking is "why didn't you like the other two movies if you liked this one?" Nothing has changed. You have the same vacant-looking actors running around, aimlessly bumping into things, an army of stupid, sensitive robots, and dialogue clumsy enough to warrant putting a handicap sticker on George Lucas' car. To Lucas' credit, he was tacitly shamed into not giving Jar Jar any talking lines in this movie. With Jar Jar's character no longer speaking to annoy you, Lucas filled the void by giving every robot in the movie stupid toy noises. So instead of doing something cool like having the robots chase after screaming children, they bitch and moan and say things like "ow" when they get their prosthetic limbs chopped off. Even worse are the idiots who scarf down these sub-childish morsels of comedic relief, playing into Lucas' shallow theatrics so easily that you could sell these people hookers in a vagina storm. Before I go on, I have to address something that all you stupid Star Wars nerds are probably thinking right about now: "But Maddox, it's a movie made for kids, what do you expect?!" Even Lucas stated in an interview with the BBC that: "The movies are for children but [the fans] don't want to admit that." Oh really? It just so happens that this "children's movie" has a scene where a guy gets his hands chopped off, a graphic decapitation, the wanton slaughter of children (the highlight of any movie), and the coolest scene in any space action movie starring Ewan McGregor: Anakin getting his legs chopped off as his stumps catch fire while his face melts.

International Human Resource Management Essay

1.0 Executive Summary The world of international HR management (IHRM) is changing. As companies shift operations abroad, IHRM is moving beyond expatriate programs. Today’s IHR managers are charged with scaling and managing overseas HR operations. This shift has not only created new opportunities for IHRM professionals, but also for companies looking to staff operations abroad. Possibly one of the greatest challenges facing the IHRMs is the fact that they are now dealing with not an individual employee but a whole family and their needs as a family in the relocation process. Some IHRMs find it more difficult than others to adjust to the added dimension of having to deal with the spouse and family on a more intimate level than before. After all, they are now relocating them halfway around the world and away from their support structures. They have to be prepared to get a lot more involved in the family as a whole and not just think they have to communicate with the employee only as is often the case when dealing with an employee here at home base. Throughout this assignment, we are examined the implications of differences in national culture for policy and practice in of the following aspects of human resource management: * Performance appraisal * Training and development 2.0 Training and Development Important components of international human resources management include both cross-cultural training and a clear understanding of the overseas assignment as part of a manager’s development. 2.1 Training Cross-cultural training is necessary for expatriates managers and their families before, during and after foreign assignments. As different countries have different culture, regardless how close of those areas, such as Taiwan and Mainland China, USA and Canada. Maybe they are talking the same language, however, their perception of social values, business practices are different. In Western, especially in USA, people are more individualism. In the contrary, Eastern people, such as Chinese and Japanese, people are more collectivism. The social system also different in Western and Eastern, the former is low power distant and the later is higher power distant. When those expatriates arrive, they are foreigners, not the host population, it is necessary to provide much cultural and practical background. Language training is an essential activity for everyone in the family. Although English is the dominant business language worldwide, relying on English puts the expatriates at a disadvantage. The expatriate will be unable to read trade journals and newspapers, which contain useful business information, and will be reliant on translators, which at best only slow down discussions in the process. Evan if expatriates manager is not fluent, a willingness to try communicating in local language makes a good impression on the business community. Foreign language proficiency is also vital for family members to establish a social network and accomplish the everyday tasks of maintaining a household. But cross-cultural training is much more than just language training. It should provide an appreciation of the new culture, including details of its history and folklore, economy, politics, religion, social climate, and business practices. It is easy to recognize that religion is highly important in daily life in the Middle East, but knowledge of the region’s history and an understanding of the specific practices and beliefs is important to avoid inadvertently insulting business associates or social contacts. All this training can be carried out through a variety of techniques. Language skills are often provided through classes and tapes, while cultural training utilizes many different tools. Lectures, reading materials, videotapes, and movies are useful for background information, while cultural sensitivity is more often taught through role playing, simulations and meetings with former expatriates, as well as natives of the countries now living in the parent countries. While all this training in advance of the overseas relocation is important, cultural learning takes place during the assignment as well. After the overseas assignment has ended and the employee has returned, more training is required for the entire family. The employee also must adjust to organization changes, including the inevitable promotions, transfers, and resignations that have taken place during his or her absence. Teenager find reentry particularly difficult, as they are ignorant of the most recent jargon and the latest trends, but often are more sophisticated and mature than their local friends. The employee also must adjust to organizational changes, including the inevitable promotions, transfers and registrations that have taken place during his or her absence. Returnees are anxious to know where to fit in, or if they have been gone for so long that they no longer are on a career path. 2.2 Development In the current global business environment, the overseas assignment should be a vital component in the development of top-executives. It is not only to achieve the advantages for the individual in overseas assignment, but also an organization can gain the competitive advantages from their overseas employee. It is also a chance to provide the host counties employees to broaden their global perspective through a post in the parent-country headquarter, and may make it easier for the organization to recruit and retain better quality managers in the host country. Development is an essential activity to the individual to improve the individual’s ability during the assignment and to well perform their jobs. 3.0 Performance appraisal In evaluating employee performance in international environments, other factors come into plays. For instance, the cultural differences between the United States and England are not as great as those between the United Stated and China, for example. Thus, hostility or friendliness of the cultural environment in which one manager should be considered when appraising employee performance. 3.1 The responsibilities of the evaluation There are also issues to consider regarding who will be responsible for the evaluations: the host-country management or the parent country management. Although local management would generally consider a more accurate gauge, it typically evaluates expatriates from its own cultural perspectives and expectations, which may not reflect those of the parent company. For example, in some countries, a participatory style of management is acceptable, while in other countries, hierarchical values make it disgrace to ask employees for ideas (for e.g. in Japan). This could vastly alter a supervisor’s performance appraisal. Confusion may arise from the use of parent-country evaluation forms if they are misunderstood, either because the form has been improperly translated or not translated at all, or because the evaluator is uncertain what a particular question means. The home-office managements, on the other hand, is often so remote that it may not be fully informed on what is going on in an overseas office. Because they lack access and because one organization may have numerous foreign operations to evaluate, home-office managements often measure performance by quantitative indices, such as profits, market shares, or gross sales. However, simple numbers are often quite complex in their calculations and data are not always comparable. For example, if a company has many operations in Fast East Asia, it must be aware of the accounting practices in each country. Local import tariffs can also distort pricing schedules, which alter gross sales figures, another often compared statistic. Evan when the measurements are comparable, the comparison country will have an affect. For example, factory productivity levels in Vietnam may be below those of similar plants in Thailand. Depending on where the supervisor’s results are compared, different outcomes may occur. Such issues complicate parent country management performance evaluations by numerical criteria, or indices – and can add to the emotional levels in appraisals. 3.2 Evaluation Format Other issues surround the question of selecting the best format to use in performance appraisals, If we have an overseas operation that includes both parent country nationals and host country nationals, we must determine if we will use the same forms for all employee. While most Western countries accept the concept of performance evaluation, some cultures interpret it as a sign of distrust or even an insult to an employee. This complicates a decision to use one instrument like an adjective rating scale for all employees. On the other hand, using different formats for PCNs and HCNs may create a dual track in the subsidiary, in turn creating other problems. The evaluation form presents other problems. If there is universal form for the entire corporation, an organization must determine how it will be translated accurately into the native language of each country. English forms may not be readily understood by local supervisors. For example, clerical and office jobs do not always have identical requirements in all cultures. As a result, some U.S. multinational may be hesitant about evaluating HCNs and TCNs. In some countries, notably those that support the Communist ideology, all workers are rewarded only when the group performs – with punishment or discipline being highly limited. For example, in the hotel industry in the People’s Republic of China. Without the ability to reward good individual performance or to punish poor performance, there is little motivation to have any evaluation at all. Although the subject of international performance appraisal continues to receive research attention, two general recommendations have been suggested as follow: * Modify the normal performance criteria of the evaluation sheet for a particular position to fit the overseas position and site characteristics. Expatriates who have returned from a particular site or same country can provide useful input into revising criteria to reflect the possibilities and constraints of a given location. * Include a current expatriate’s insights as part of evaluation. This means that non-standardized criteria, which are difficult to measure, will be included, perhaps in different basis for each country. This creates some administrative difficulties at headquarters, but in long run will be a more equitable system. Â   Bibliography 1. Peter J. Dowling, Denice E. Welch and Randall S. Schuler, International Human Resource Management – Managing People in a Multinational Context, South Western College Publishing, 3rd Edition 2. Nancy J. Adler, International Dimensions of Organization Behavior, South Western College Publishing, 3rd Edition 3. David A. Decenzo, Stephen P. Robbins, Human Resourc Management, John Wiley & Sons Inc., 7th Edition. 4. Ian Breadwell and Len Holden, Human resource management – a contemporary approach, FT Prentice Hall, 3rd Edition

How Litter Trashes the Environment

Littering a nasty side effect of our convenience-oriented disposable culture. To highlight the scope of the problem, consider that California alone spends $28 million each year cleaning up and removing litter along its roadways. And it doesnt stop there—once trash gets free, wind and weather move it from streets and highways to parks and waterways. One study found that 18% of litter ends up in rivers, streams, and oceans, resulting in trash islands like the Great Pacific Garbage Patch. Cigarettes Are a Major Cause of Litter Cigarettes are some of the most commonly littered items, and they are also one of the most insidious forms of litter. Each discarded butt takes 12 years to break down, all the while leaching toxic elements such as cadmium, lead, and arsenic into soil and waterways. Litter Is Typically Viewed as a Local Problem The burden of litter cleanup usually falls to local governments or community groups. Some U.S. states (Alabama, California, Florida, Nebraska, Oklahoma, Texas, and Virginia) are taking strong measures to prevent litter through public education campaigns, and dedicate millions of dollars yearly to cleanup efforts. In Canada, British Columbia, Nova Scotia, and Newfoundland also have strong anti-litter campaigns. Keep America Beautiful and Litter Prevention Keep America Beautiful (KAB) has been organizing litter cleanups across the United States since 1953. Generally speaking, KAB has a strong track record of success in litter prevention. In the past, it has been criticized for helping its founders and supporters (which include tobacco and beverage companies) by downplaying the issue of litter from cigarettes and opposing mandatory bottle- and can-recycling initiatives over the years. Nonetheless, they do make an impact. Over one million KAB volunteers picked up 24.7 million pounds of litter in KAB’s annual Great American Cleanup in 2018. Litter Prevention Around the World A more grassroots-oriented litter prevention group is Auntie Litter, which started in 1990 in Alabama to educate students about the importance of a healthy and clean environment. Today the group works internationally to help students, teachers, and parents eliminate litter in their communities. In Canada, the nonprofit Pitch-In Canada (PIC), founded in the late-1960s in British Columbia, has since evolved into a professionally run national organization with a tough anti-litter agenda and annual Pitch-In Week cleanup events. Only You Can Prevent Litter Doing your part to keep litter to a minimum is easy, but it takes vigilance. For starters, never let trash escape from your car, and make sure household garbage bins are sealed tightly so animals can’t get at the contents. Always remember to take your garbage with you upon leaving a park or other public space. And if you’re still smoking, isn’t saving the environment a compelling enough reason to finally quit? Also, if that stretch of roadway you drive on every day is a haven for litter, offer to clean it up and keep it clean. Many cities and towns welcome â€Å"Adopt-A-Mile† sponsors for particularly litter-prone streets and highways. As an added bonus, your employer might even want to get in on the act by paying you for your volunteer time. Edited by Frederic Beaudry